^ 


U.  S.  DEPARTMENT   OF   AGRICULTURE. 

OFIK'K   OF   EXPERIMENT   STATIONS, 

A.   C.  TRUE,   Director. 


FAIilRS'  INSTITUTES  l\  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


BY 


JOTTTsT    HAMILT01Sr>;:^0?> 


WASHINGTON: 

r;<>\   K  i;  \  MKNT     PRINTIN<;     o  F  F  I  < '  F. 
190-1:. 


LIST  OF  PUBLICATIONS  OF  THE  OFFICE  OF  EXPERIMENT  STATIONS  ON 

FARMERS'  INSTITUTES. 

Bulletin  No.  79.  Farmers'  Institutes:  History  and  Status  in  the  United  States  and 
Canada.     By  L.  H.  Bailey.     Pp.  34. 

Bulletin  No.  110.  Proceedings  of  the  Sixth  Annual  Meeting  of  the  American  Asso- 
ciation of  Farmers'  Institute  Workers,  held  at  Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  September  18  and 
19,  1901.     Edited  by  A.  C.  True,  D.  J.  Crosby,  and  G.  C.  Creelman.     Pp.  55. 

Bulletin  No.  120.  Proceedings  of  the  Seventh  Annual  Meeting  of  the  American 
Association  of  Farmers'  Institute  AVorkers,  held  at  Washington,  D.  C,  June  24, 
25,  and  26, 1902.  Edited  by  A.  C.  True  and  D.  J.  Crosby  for  the  Office  of  Experi- 
ment Stations  and  G.  C.  Creelman  for  the  association.     Pp.  119. 

Bulletin  No.  135.  Legislation  Relating  to  Farmers'  Institutes  in  the  United  States 
and  the  Province  of  Ontario,  Canada.  By  John  Hamilton,  farmers'  institute 
specialist.     Pp.  53. 

Bulletin  No.  138.  Proceeilings  of  the  Eighth  Annual  Meeting  of  the  American  As::u- 
ciation  of  Farmers'  Institute  AVorkers,  held  at  Toronto,  Ontario,  June  23  to  26,. 
1903.  Edited  by  AV.  H.  Beal  for  the  Office  of  Experiment  Stations  and  G.  C. 
Creelman  for  the  association.     Pp.  119. 

Circular  No.  51.  List  of  State  Directors  of  Farmers'  Institutes  and  Farmera'  Insti- 
tute Lecturers  of  the  United  States.     By  John  Hamilton.     Pp.  30. 

Farmers'  Institutes  in  the  L^nited  States.  By  D.  J.  Crosby.  Reprint  from  Annual 
Report  of  the  Office  of  Experiment  Stations  for  the  year  ended  June  30,  1902. 
Pp.  25. 

Farmers'  Institutes  in  the  United  States.  By  John  Hamilton.  Reprint  from  Annual 
Report  of  the  Office  of  Experiment  Stations  for  the  year  ended  June  30,  1903. 
Pp.  57. 

Farmers'  Institutes.  By  John  Hamilton.  Reprint  from  Yearbook,  Department  of 
Agriculture,  1903.     Pp.  10. 


U.  S.  DEPARTMENT   OF   AGRICULTURE. 

OFFICE   OF  EXPERIMENT   STATIONS, 


A.   C.  TRUE,   Director. 


FIRIRS'  INSTITITES  IN  THE  I'MTED  STiTES, 


BY 


JOH^  HA:siiLTo:Nr, 

fjlrmers'    i^tsxitttxe    speciatisx, 


WASHINGTON: 

GOVERNMENT     PRINTING     OFFICE, 
1  1)  0  -i  . 


OFFICE  OF  EXPERIMENT  STATIONS. 

A.  C.  True,  Ph.  D.— Director. 

E.  W.  Allen,  Ph.  D. — Assistant  Director  and  Editor  of  Experiment  Station  Record. 

W.  H.  Beal — Chief  of  Editorial  Dirision. 

John  Hamilton — Farmers'  Institute  Specialist. 

C.  E.  J oHSSToy— Chief  Clerk: 

EDIT()RL\L    ])EPARTMENTS. 

E.  W.  Allen,  Ph.  J).,  and  H.  W.  Lawson — Cliemistnj,  Dairi/  Farming,  and  Dainjing. 

W.  H.  Beal — Agricultural  Physics  and  Engineering. 

Walter  H.  Evans,  Ph.  D. — Botang  and  Diseases  of  Plants. 

C.  F.  Langworthy,  Ph.  D. — Foods  and  Animal  Production. 

3.  I.  Schulte — Field  Crops. 

E.  V.  AViLCOx,  Ph.  D. — Entomologg  and  Veterinary  Science. 

C.  B.  Smith — Horticulture. 

D.  J.  Crosby — Agricultural  Institutions. 


OFFICERS  OF  THE  AMERICAN  ASSOCIATION  OF  FARMERS'  INSTITUTE 

WORKERS. 

B.  W.  KiL.,()KE,  of  West  Raleigh,  N.  C. 

1  'Ice-PresUlent, 
E.  E.  Kaufman,  of  Agricultural  College,  N.  Dak. 

Secrelary-  Treasurer, 
G.  C.  Creelman,  of  Toronto,  Canada. 

Executive  Committee, 
The  President  and  the  Secretary-Treasurer,  ex  officio;  George  ]\IcKerro\v,  of 
Wisconsin;  H.  G.  Easterly,  of  Illinois,  and  J.  C.  Hardy,  of  Mississippi. 
4 


LETTER  OF  TRANSMITTAL. 


U.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture, 

Office  of  Experiment  Stations, 

Washingtoiu  D.  C,  May  28,  1901^. 
Sir:  I  have  the  honor  to  transmit  herewith  and  to  recommend  for 
publication  a  brief  account  of  farmers'  institutes  in  the  United  States, 
their  development,  relations  to  other  educational  institutions  and  to  this 
Department,  and  the  results  they  attain.  This  account  is  intended 
primarily  for  distribution  at  the  Louisiana  Purchase  Exposition  in 
connection  with  the  exhibits  of  this  Office  and  of  the  agricultural  col- 
leges and  experiment  stations. 

Respectfully,  A.  C.  True, 

Director. 
Hon.  James  Wilson.  , 

Secretary  of  Agriculture. 

5 


CONTENTS. 


Page. 

Development  of  the  institute 7 

Relation  of  the  institute  to  other  educational  institutions 9 

What  the  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture  is  doing  for  the  institutes. .  11 

What  farmers'  institutes  have  done  for  the  farmers  of  the  United  States 13 

Assisting  farmers'  boys : 15 

Women's  institutes 16 

The  lecture  force 16 

Farmers'  institute  statistics 17 


FARMERS'  INSTITUTES  IX  THE  UNITED  STATES. 


By  John  Hamilton, 
Fanners'  Institute  Specialist,  Office  of  Experiment  Stations,  U.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture. 


Farmers'  institutes,  in  the  sense  of  their  consisting  of  assemblages 
of  farmers  met  for  the  discussion  of  agricultural  topics,  extend  back 
as  far  as  the  meeting  of  the  Ro3^al  Agricultural  Societ}^  of  England 
in  1838. 

In  this  country  perhaps  the  oldest  organization  of  this  kind  is  found 
in  the  Philadelphia  Society  for  the  Promotion  of  Agriculture,  organ- 
ized in  Philadelphia  in  1785.  Later  in  other  States  similar  agricultural 
societies  and  farm  clubs  adopted  in  some  degree  the  same  methods 
as  these  older  organizations  for  the  improvement  of  their  members. 

The  New  York  State  board  of  agriculture  in  1842  began  a  series  of 
winter  meetings  for  farmers.  In  1859  the  Massachusetts  State  board 
of  agriculture  appointed  a  committee  to  "consider  and  report  upon 
the  propriety  of  institute  meetings  similar  to  teachers'  institutes.-' 
In  1861  ''a  winter  course  of  lectures  for  farmers"  was  instituted  in 
Michigan.  Societies  in  other  States  provided  in  rather  a  desultory 
wa}^  for  courses  of  lectures  upon  agricultural  topics. 

It  was  not,  however,  until  quite  recenth^  that  an}^  well  organized  or 
carefully-planned  S3\stem  of  farmers'  institutes  has  existed.  It  may 
be  said  in  general  that  the  farmers'  institute  work  of  the  United  States 
has  developed  into  its  present  proportions  since  1880,  and  in  most  of 
the  States  this  development  has  been  since  1890  with  the  remarkable 
result  that  institutes  are  now  held  in  all  of  the  52  States  and  Ter- 
ritories excepting  0 — Arkansas,  South  Dakota,  Wyoming,  Alaska, 
Porto  Rico,  and  Indian  Territory — and  conducted  under  the  direction 
of  a  State  official,  the  State  board  of  agriculture,  a  special  institute 
board,  or  by  the  State  agricultural  college  or  agricultural  experiment 
station. 

DEVELOPMENT   OF  THE  INSTITUTE. 

The  phenomenal  growth  of  the  institute  during  the  short  period 
that  has  elapsed  since  it  came  into  being  is  shown  bv  the  reports  of 
the  State  directors  for  the  year  ended  June  30,  1902.  During  that 
year  3,179  institutes  were  held.     Of  these,  1,359  were  one  da}-  meet- 


8 

ings,  1,637  continued  for  two  days,  and  77  were  three  days  and  over, 
the  whole  comprising  9,570  separate  sessions  of  one-half  day  each. 
The  attendance  reported  was  904,654.  There  were  in  the  employ  of 
the  State  directors  924  lecturers  who  delivered  addresses  in  the  meet- 
ings, and  about  three  times  as  many  more  who  were  emplo3^ed  by 
the  local  managers,  approximating  4,000  who  gave  instruction  in  the 
institutes  that  year. 

A  like  increase  has  taken  place  in  the  amount  appropriated  for 
institute  expenses.  The  iirst  data  giving  information  in  this  direction 
were  secured  by  L.  H.  Bailey  of  Cornell  University,  which  showed 
that  in  1891  there  was  expended  for  institute  purposes  in  the  United 
States  $81,213,  contributed  by  twenty-live  States.  In  contrast  with 
this  is  the  amount  reported  to  the  Depai'tment  of  Agriculture  for  the 
year  ended  June  30,  1903.  In  that  year  forty-five  States  and  Terri- 
tories reported  appropriations  for  institute  purposes  aggregating 
$187,226;  and  for  the  next  year  Avhich  will  end  June  30,  1904,  forty 
States  and  Territories  have  already  reported  appropriations  for  insti- 
tute purposes  amounting  to  $210,975.  If  the  States  not  yet  reporting 
for  1904  appropriate  sums  equal  to  the  amount  that  they  expended 
the  previous  3^ear,  the  aggregate  will  be  ^214,729,  or  an  increase  over 
1891  of  $133,516  in  mone}^  and  an  addition  of  twentj^-one  States  and 
Territories  to  the  number  in  which  institutes  were  held. 

No  uniform  S3^stem  of  organization  has  been  adopted  by  the  several 
States.  In  some,  local  or  count}^  institutes  are  organized  under  laws 
which  prescribe  their  duties  and  fix  their  form  of  organization.  In  a 
few  States  no  local  boards  of  institute  officers  exist,  but  the  State 
director  selects  from  year  to  year  one  or  more  correspondents  in  each 
count}^,  and  to  these  the  work  of  advertising  the  meetings,  selecting 
local  committees,  renting  halls,  and  making  other  preliminary 
arrangements  are  committed.  The  directors  all  recognize  the  neces- 
sity for  local  assistance  to  relieve  them  of  minor  details,  and  the  tend- 
enc3^  is  toward  having  permanent  local  bodies,  legalh^  constituted,  to 
take  charge  of  the  purely  local  Avork,  leaving  to  the  State  officers  that 
of  providing  for  the  districting  of  the  State,  the  fixing  of  dates  for 
institutes,  and  the  supplving  of  a  corps  of  lecturers  for  each  section, 
employed  and  paid  by  the  State  directors. 

In  contrast  with  this  centralized  system,  which  generally  prevails, 
there  is  one  State  in  which,  while  there  are  strong  local  institute  soci- 
eties in  all  of  the  counties,  there  is  no  central  control,  and  consequently 
no  coordination  in  work.  Each  society  acts  independently  of  the 
others.  In  one  other  State  there  is  a  board  of  institute  directors, 
elected  b}^  the  local  societies,  which  has  authorit}'  to  appoint  a  State 
director,  but  the  powers  of  this  director  are  restricted  to  giving 
advice.  He  has  no  authority'  to  arrange  for  meetings  or  for  the  dis- 
tricting of  the  State,  to  fix  dates  of  institutes,  to  provide  the  itinera- 
ries of  lecturers,   or  supervise  the   programmes.     In   both  of  these 


instances,  however,  the  institute  officers  are  coming  to  feel  the  need 
for  closer  cooperation  in  their  work  and  are  now  contemplating 
changes  in  their  laws  that  will  provide  for  efficient  central  control. 

RELATION  OF  THE  INSTITUTE  TO  OTHER  EDUCATIONAL 
INSTITUTIONS. 

The  establishing  of  educational  institutions  in  the  interest  of  agri- 
culture is  the  result  of  the  demand  of  farmers  for  accurate  information 
in  regard  to  the  underlying  principles  which  control  in  the  production 
of  animals  and  crops.  The  demand  in  this  country  for  definite  and 
exact  knowledge  respecting  agriculture  did  not  become  pressing  so 
long  as  the  lands  were  new  and  original  fertilit}^  was  abundant  and 
available.  It  was  not  until  the  soil  of  the  Eastern  and  Southern  States 
began  to  be  exhausted  and  crops  to  fail  that  the  country  began  seri- 
ously to  set  about  the  discover}^  of  some  means  Vj}^  which  these  glands 
could  be  reclaimed,  subsequent  deterioration  prevented,  and  contin- 
uous and  profitable  crops  be  grown  without  permanent  injury  to  the 
soil. 

In  the  effort  to  meet  this  condition  of  affairs,  the  Congress  of  the 
United  States  in  1862  provided  for  the  establishment  of  colleges  whose 
leading  object  '  ^  shall  be  to  teach  such  branches  of  learning  as  are  related 
to  agriculture  and  the  mechanic  arts.''  After  the  establishment  of 
these  colleges  it  was  some  years  before  those  responsible  for  their  con- 
trol were  able  to  formulate  a  course  of  study  which  would  meet  the 
requirements  of  the  country,  or  were  able  to  secure  the  kind  of  teach- 
ers competent  to  impart  the  information  needed.  The  instructors  in 
these  colleges  also  soon  found  that  there  was  comparatively  little  reli- 
able information  to  be  had  in  what  is  known  as  agricultural  science,  or 
the  sciences  in  their  relation  to  agriculture. 

In  order  to  supply  the  needs  of  these  institutions  and  of  the  public 
for  new  and  more  reliable  data  respecting  agricultural  operations, 
Congress  in  1887  passed  what  is  known  as  the  Hatch  Act,  which  pro- 
vides for  the  erection  and  support  of  agricultural  experiment  stations 
in  the  several  States  and  Territories,  for  scientific  research  and  exper- 
imentation in  agriculture.  Since  their  creation  and  through  the  work 
of  these  stations  the  stock  of  agricultural  knowledge  has  been  greatly 
enlarged  and  is  being  increased  more  rapidly  each  3-ear.  The  United 
States  Department  of  Agriculture  has  also  been  engaged  in  searching 
for  information  and  has  in  its  service  4,200  men  and  women  whose 
work  is  almost  wholl}^  in  the  direction  of  securing  information  that 
will  be  of  value  to  agriculture.  One  thousand  nine  hundred  of  this 
number  are  either  scientists  or  scientific  assistants  who  have  been 
specially  trained  for  the  particular  work  in  which  they  are  engaged. 

The  results  of  the  research  work  of  officers  of  the  Department  are 
embodied  in  its  yearly  publications  of  reports  and  bulletins.  For  the 
year  ended  June  30,  1903,  there  were  938  different  documents  printed 


10 

by  the  Division  of  Publications,  comprising  tl:5,000  pages  of  printed 
matter.  If  these  pages  Avere  bound  in  book  form,  there  would  be  fortv- 
iive  volumes  of  a  thousand  pages  each.  Eleven  million,  six  hundred 
and  ninet3^-eight  thousand  copies  of  these  documents  were  printed  for 
distribution  that  year.  The  3'ear  before,  757  publications  w-ere  issued 
and  the  number  of  copies  aggregated  10,586,580. 

The  work  that  has  been  accomplished  by  the  experiment  stations 
since  the  date  of  their  establishment  in  1888,  and  b}'  the  United  States 
Department  of  Agriculture  daring  the  same  period  is  not  generally 
understood.  The  publications  of  these  institutions  represent  as  fairly 
as  an}'  other  data  the  character  of  the  work  which  they  have  been  doing, 
and  to  some  degree  indicate  as  well  its  extent. 

Since  1887  the  stations  have  prepared  and  published  4.906  separate 
bulletins  on  agricultural  subjects,  101  circulars,  311  special  bulletins, 
and  787  annual  reports,  making  a  total  of  6,143  publications  varying 
in  siz'e  from  a  few  pages  to  several  hundred.  These  bulletins  and  cir- 
culars contain  the  results  of  the  work  of  the  station  officers  in  the 
interest  of  agriculture  and  are  sent  out  to  a  list  that  now  embraces  over 
half  a  million  names. 

The  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture  during  this  same  period 
prepared  and  printed  5,771  separate  documents  varying  from  bulletins 
of  a  few  pages  each  to  an  annual  Yearbook  averaging  781  pages.  Of 
these  documents  there  were  printed  for  distribution  82,735,580  copies, 
covering  practicalh'  every  phase  of  agricultural  operation.  The  enor- 
mous amount  of  work  which  these  publications  have  involved  is  per- 
haps best  shown  by  a  statement  made  by  the  Division  of  Publications, 
in  which  it  appears  that  in  nine  3^ears  there  were  printed  1.629  separate 
publications,  containing  205,111  pages,  equivalent  to  a  set  of  110 
volumes  of  500  pages  each. 

The  problem  of  getting  the  information  which  these  publications 
contain,  and  the  new  facts  that  are  being  discovered  each  year,  into 
the  hands  of  farming  people  has  become  of  first  importance.  The 
method  employed  has  been  to  disseminate  it  in  the  form  of  bulletins 
through  the  mails.  The  result  has  been  that  the  large  majorit}^  of 
farming  people  are  not  reached  by  this  method  of  distribution.  This 
is  notaljh'  true  as  regards  the  less  progressive  farmers  an^^  the  women 
and  youth  of  the  farmers'  families. 

The  farmers'  institute  has  done  much  to  overcome  this  difficult}'  b\^ 
sending  out  capable  teachers  to  give  the  information  orally.  Their 
special  work  has  come  to  be  the  disseminating  of  valuable,  reliable, 
and  up-to-date  information  respecting  agriculture  among  country 
people.  In  efiect  the}'  have  become  the  agents  of  the  agricultural  col- 
leges, the  experiment  stations,  and  the  United  States  Department  of 
Agriculture  in  the  work  of  instructing  farmers  in  the  principles  and 
facts  of  agriculture,  a  form  of  university  extension  work  on  whose 


11 

corps  of  teachers  are  representatives  from  the  faculties  of  the  agri- 
cultural colleo-es  and  from  tlie  stalls  of  the  experiment  stations.  Last 
year  these  institutions  furnished  ll»0  lecturers,  who  o-ave  1.6G()  days  of 
their  time  to  impartino-  instruction  in  farmers'  institutes.  In  the  gen- 
eral system  of  agricultural  education  the  farmers*  institute  now  occu- 
pies the  position  of  disseminator  of  agricultural  truth  among  the 
masses.  It  aims  not  simply  to  reach  those  who  are  active\v  engaged 
in  the  business  of  farming,  but  to  influence  and  assist  as  Avell  the  great 
mass  of  population  who  have  little  or  no  knowledge  or  appreciation  of 
ao-riculture  as  a  callino-  in  life.  Its  work  is  not  limited  to  efforts  to 
improve  the  condition  of  existing  farmers,  but  contemplates  as  well 
the  creating  of  new  as  well  as  better  farmers. 

WEAT  THE  UNITED  STATES  DEPARTMENT  OF  AGRICULTURE  IS 
DOING  FOR  THE  INSTITUTES. 

The  United  States  Department  of  Agriculture  has  taken  up  the  duty 
of  assisting  the  States  in  their  institute  work.  At  the  request  of  the 
Secretary  of  Agriculture  the  Fifty-seventh  Congress  provided  for  the 
appointment  of  a  farmers'  institute  specialist  in  the  Office  of  Experi- 
ment Stations  of  the  Department,  and  appropriated  S5.00(>  for  meet- 
ing the  necessary  expenses  of  the  new  oltice.  The  duties  of  this  officer, 
as  stated  in  the  act  making  the  appropriation,  are  "  to  investigate  and 
report  upon  the  organization  and  progress  of  farmers'  institutes  in  the 
several  States  and  Territories  and  upon  similar  organizations  in  foreign 
countries,  with  special  suggestions  of  plans  and  methods  for  making 
such  organizations  more  effective,  for  the  dissemination  of  the  results 
of  the  work  of  the  Department  of  Agriculture  and  the  experiment 
stations,  and  of  improved  methods  of  agricultural  practice." 

The  fact  that  this  educational  movement  for  the  improvement  of 
farmers  has  been  recognized  by  Congress,  and  that  it  has  established 
in  the  Department  of  Agriculture  a  central  office  where  statistical 
data  can  be  gathered  for  the  benefit  of  State  directors  and  institute 
instructors  and  where  information  respecting  the  institutes  can  be  had, 
is  most  important.  It  is  a  step  toward  carrying  into  practical  opera- 
tion the  theory  that  education  is  for  all  of  the  people  and  is  not  to  be 
entirelv  restricted  to  the  young.  It  is  a  recognition  of  the  fact  that 
society  in  its  large  sense  needs  education  fully  as  nuich  as  the  individ- 
ual, and  that  any  system  of  instruction  that  reaches  the  mass  of  men 
with  valuable  truth  is  worthy  of  national  support.  There  has  been  no 
doubt  as  to  the  propriety  of  Congress  assisting  the  agricultural  col- 
leges and  the  experiment  stations  of  the  several  States,  and  the  same 
reasons  that  justify  aid  in  these  directions  apply  with  still  greater 
force  to  education  for  the  millions  who  are  unable  to  take  advantage 
of  the  opportunities  Avhich  the  land-grant  colleges  afiord.  The  insti- 
tute has  been  giving  education  to  the  masses  to  a  limited  extent,  and 


12 

Congress  has  shown  its  appreciation  of  the  vahie  and  importance  of 
the  work  that  has  been  done  and  of  the  possibilities  of  the  new  field 
in  pu))lic  education  that  has  been  opened  up  b}'  appropriating  from 
the  National  Treasury  funds  for  its  encouragement  and  support. 
Until  now  the  institutes  have  been  passing  through  the  experimental 
stage  of  their  existence — testing  methods,  gaining  in  experience,  and 
discovering  the  needs  of  agricultural  people.  They  are  only  begin- 
ning to  get  their  work  s^^stematized.  so  as  to  enable  them  to  settle 
down  into  a  well-organized  and  thoroughly  equipped  sj^stem  of  instruc- 
tion, with  clearlv  defined  purposes  and  a  distinct  field  of  operation. 

Their  work  thus  far  has  been  without  coordination,  except  such  as 
has  come  through  the  American  Association  of  Farmer's  Institute 
Workers,  which  was  organized  in  1896.  While  there  will  no  doubt 
always  be  a  degree  of  diversit}^  in  organization  and  practice  by  the 
several  States  in  the  institute  work,  owing  to  the  peculiar  and  div^erse 
conditions  that  exist,  yet  in  all  essentials  there  can  and  ought  to  be 
agreement.  This  agreement  and  cooperation  can  be  hastened  and  the 
efficiency  of  the  work  be  rapidh^  promoted  through  the  central  ofiice 
which  the  Department  of  Agriculture  has  established. 

During  the  year  of  its  existence  this  office  has  collected  and  pub- 
lished the  laws  of  the  several  States  under  which  the  institutes  are  held, 
and  has  also  secured  a  list  of  the  lecturers  in  the  employ  of  the  State 
directors — 921  in  number — with  their  post-office  addresses,  and  a  brief 
personal  history  of  H23. 

It  has  liad  lists  of  the  Department  publications  sent  to  each  of  these 
lecturers  and  to  the  State  directors,  and  also  has  had  their  names 
placed  upon  the  permanent  mailing  list  to  receive  monthly  bulletins 
giving  the  titles  of  documents  published  during  the  preceding  month. 
Bulletins  selected  from  these  lists  will  be  sent  to  institute  workers 
upon  application.  The  office  has  also  requested  that  the  names  of  the 
lecturers  be  listed  by  the  directors  of  the  experiment  stations  of  the 
United  States,  that  copies  of  back  numbers  of  bulletins  be  sent  on 
application,  and  that  future  publications  be  sent  to  each  lecturer  as 
they  are  issued. 

Statistical  data  have  been  collected  showing  the  condition  and  prog- 
ress of  the  institutes  in  the  several  States  and  Territories,  which  will 
be  published  for  the  information  of  all  who  may  be  interested.  In 
addition  to  this  the  institute  specialist  has  visited  and  addressed  repre- 
sentative meetings  of  institute  workers  in  IT  States  and  1  Territor}', 
and  has  assisted  in  securing  the  services  of  a  number  of  Department 
experts  to  visit  farmers'  meetings  and  deliver  lectures  upon  their  sev- 
eral specialties.  He,  also,  in  cooperation  with  the  institute  workers 
of  the  country,  has  fitted  up  a  room  in  the  Agricultural  Building  at 
the  Exposition  at  St.  Louis  with  material  illustrative  of  the  institute 
work  of  the  several  States. 


18 


WHAT  FARMERS'  INSTITUTES    HAVE  DONE  FOR  THE  FARMERS 
OF  THE  UNITED  STATES. 

There  are  over  lU.OOO.OOu  farmers  in  the  United  States.  The  cen- 
sus gives  it  10.381. 7*35  who  are  actively  engaged  in  cultivating  the 
soil.  Added  to  these  workers  are  their  families,  numbering  some 
17.000.000  more,  so  that  there  were  at  the  taking  of  the  census  in  1900 
between  26.000.000  and  :^7. 000.000  as  the  total  agricultural  population 
of  this  country,  constituting  by  far  the  largest  number  of  our  citizens 
engaged  in  any  single  occupation.  The  census  revealed  also  that  of 
those  over  ten  years  of  age  who  are  engaged  in  gainful  occupations 
there  were  in  professional  service  1.258.739:  in  domestic  and  personal 
service,  5.580.657:  engaged  in  trade  and  transportation.  4.766.964;  in 
manufacturing  and  mechanical  pursuits.  7.085.992,  and  in  agriculture, 
as  has  been  stated.  10.381.765.  The  agricultural  workers  represent 
an  invested  capital  of  §20.514.001,838.  These  workers,  in  addition  to 
supplying  the  needs  of  80.000.000  of  our  population  here  at  home, 
sent  abroad  in  the  year  ended  elune  30,  1902.  S851.465.622  worth  of 
surplus  products,  or  62.83  per  cent  of  the  entire  exports  of  the  coun- 
try for  that  year.  Agriculture,  therefore,  without  question,  is  our 
most  important  industry,  both  as  respects  the  number  of  those 
engaged  in  it  and  in  the  amount  of  wealth  which  it  creates. 

The  first  question  that  arises  in  the  minds  of  those  not  familiar  with 
the  results  of  the  o])eration  of  the  farmers*  institutes  is.  ''What  have 
the  institutes  done  for  the  farmers  of  the  United  States  T' 

It  is  of  course  impossible  to  state  in  detail  all  of  the  beneficial  effects 
that  have  come  to  the  agricultural  people  of  this  country  through  the 
institute  schools.  There  are.  however,  a  number  of  directions  in 
which  the  institutes  have  exerted  a  marked  infiuence  in  assisting  farm- 
ing people.  They  have,  first  of  all.  awakened  farmers  to  a  realization 
of  the  possibilities  of  agriculture.  This  has  been  accomplished  by 
showing  what  well  qualified  men  have  been  able  to  accomplish  in  the 
rearing  of  animals  and  in  the  growing  of  crops.  The  institutes  are 
showing  farmers  that  their  failure  to  secure  abundant  crops  or  superior 
animals,  and  to  make  farming  a  profitable  l)usiness.  is  chiefiy  in  them- 
selves: that  thousands  of  farmers  have  succeeded  and  multitudes  are 
now  succeeding  and  increasing  their  income  sufliciently  to  insure 
financial  independence,  and  in  many  instances  have  secured  more  than 
ordinary  wealth. 

The  institutes  have  also  brought  farmers  to  appreciate  the  value  of 
science  to  agriculture.  They  have  made  it  clear  that  the  modern 
farmer  must  make  use  of  scientitic  methods  and  the  results  of  scientific 
discoveries  if  he  is  to  succeed  in  even  moderate  degree.  Publi<^  opin- 
ion has  l)een  completely  changed  within  twenty  years  in  its  attitude 
toward   scientific    institutions   and  scientific   men.     Both  have  come 


14 

to  be  respected  and  their  advice  and  cooperation  earnestly  desired. 
The  farmers'  institute  has  been  largely  responsible  for  this  change. 
It  has  taken  scientitic  men  before  audiences  of  practical  farmers,  and 
has  given  both  the  opportunity  of  becoming  acquainted  and  of  inter- 
changing views  to  their  nuitual  advantage. 

The  institute  has  also  brought  man}^  to  realize  that  the  hope  of  agri- 
culture lies  in  the  agricultural  colleges  and  experiment  stations.  That 
education  in  agricultural  affairs  is  as  necessar\'  to  success  as  education 
in  law.  or  medicine,  or  mechanics,  and  that  there  can  be  no  true  prog- 
ress in  the  agricultural  industry  unless  there  is  being  continuallv  added 
to  the  stock  of  knowledge  information  secured  through  investigations 
b}-  trained  men  who  carefulh^  observe  and  faithfully  report  results,  is 
coming  to  be  generally  recognized.  The  land-grant  colleges  in  the 
several  States  are  annualh'  furnishing  a  large  body  of  educated  agri- 
cultural workers,  and  the  experiment  stations  are  yearly  adding  to 
the  information  already  secured  new  and  still  more  valuable  facts  for 
the  use  of  farmers. 

The  institutes  have  brought  farming  communities  to  see  the  great 
advantage  that  a  properh^  educated  man  has  over  the  farmer  who  has 
nothing  except  the  traditions  and  experience  of  his  localit}^  to  guide 
him.  In  doing  this  the}"  have  performed  a  service  that  no  other 
existing  institution  could  possibly  have  rendered,  and  the}"  thus  have 
proven  themselves  worthy  of  the  support  and  cooperation  of  the 
colleges  and  stations  on  the  one  hand  and  of  the  farming  population 
on  the  other. 

The  institutes  have  also  done  another  thing  that  farmers  as  a  class 
have  needed  more  perhaps  than  any  other.  They  have  taught  them 
self-respect.  They  have  been  exciting  inquiry  respecting  the  funda- 
mental truths  of  agriculture,  and  have  been  spreading  information  of 
a  most  valuable  kind  through  rural  communities  until  many  farmers 
have  been  brought  to  read  and  investigate  for  themselves,  and  have 
become  well  informed  with  regard  to  the  particular  specialty  that  they 
pursue.  All  of  this  has  resulted  in  bringing  about  a  consciousness  of 
enlarged  ability  and  a  consequent  increase  of  self-respect. 

The  institutes  have  also  brought  farmers  to  respect  their  occupation. 
The  institute  lecturers  are  showing  that  agriculture  to-day  is  the  best 
and  most  profitable  occupation  that  exists:  that  it  provides  more 
comforts  for  more  people  than  any  other,  is  less  exacting  in  its 
requirements  than  any  other,  gives  more  leisure  and  purer  joys  than 
any  other,  and  is  the  only  occupation  in  which  absolute  and  unqualified 
independence  exists. 

The  institute  has  broadened  the  farmers*  view.  In  many  districts 
country  people  have  not  kept  abreast  of  the  advance  that  has  been 
made  in  their  own  profession.  Their  isolation  has  shut  them  ofi' 
from  contact  with  men  who  are  discovering  new  truths  and  who  are 
showing  the  adaptability   of  their  discoveries  to  the  improvement  of 


15 

agriculture.  The  institute  has  been  instrumental  in  bringino-  these 
leaders  in  agricultural  progress  in  contact  with  the  more  remote 
sections,  and  have  enabled  farmers  to  see  that  there  is  much  more  in 
their  profession  than  they  had  ever  before  supposed.  As  nature's 
methods  in  the  wonderful  transformations  that  occur  in  the  life  and 
growth  of  animals  and  })lants  are  explained  by  institute  instructors, 
many  farming  people  have  had  their  lirst  inspiration  and  incentive  to 
experiment  for  themselves  and  to  study  the  operations  of  the  laws  that 
have  eliected  these  remarkable  results.  Their  eyes  have  been  opened 
and  their  view  enlarged,  with  the  result  that  their  occupation  has 
been  lifted  out  of  the  routine  of  drudgery  into  the  realms  of  a  most 
interesting  and  delightful  occupation.  This  is  no  small  service  to 
render  to  a  calling,  and  the  institution  that  does  it  is  a  valuable 
addition  to  the  educational  system  in  any  country. 

The  farmers*  institutes  have  performed  another  service  that  has  been 
most  valual)le  in  the  development  of  the  agricultural  industry.  They 
have  shown  farmers  the  importance  and  value  of  unity  of  action  in 
public  affairs.  The  institutes  have  pointed  out  a  way  by  which  coun- 
try people  can  act  together  and  come  to  a  common  understanding  and 
agreement  on  important  questions  that  affect  their  interests  by  means 
of  discussions  in  farmers*  institute  meetings. 

The  institutes  have  not  reached  the  entire  27.000.000  of  farming  peo- 
ple, but  they  have  given  instruction  to  about  1.00(  >.(>()()  of  this  number, 
scattered  through  all  the  communities  of  the  United  States.  The  work, 
therefore,  that  remains  for  the  institutes  before  the  limit  of  their  useful- 
ness is  reached  is  very  great,  and  will,  as  has  been  stated,  require  that 
the  force  of  workers  shall  be  many  times  increased,  and  that  the  money 
that  is  now  expended  in  institute  work  shall  be  much  more  abun- 
dantly supplied. 

ASSISTING  FARMERS'  BOYS. 

The  institute  movement  was  inaugurated  for  the  improvement  of 
the  adult  farmer.  It  has  so  developed  that  it  is  now  clear  that  this 
kind  of  instruction  can  and  ought  to  be  extended  to  include  the  chil- 
dren and  youth  in  the  farmers*  families.  The  best  method  for  accom- 
plishing this  has  not  yet  been  discovered.  In  one  State  packages  of 
seed  corn  are  sent  out  l)v  the  State  director  of  institutes  to  as  many 
farmers'  boys  as  will  accept  them  and  agree  to  plant  them  according 
to  directions,  caring  for  and  cultivating  the  crop  and  bringing  to  a 
subsequent  institute  samples  of  the  product  together  with  a  detailed 
statement  of  the  manner  in  which  it  was  grown.  The  samples  are 
judged  by  a  capable  corn  expert,  and  a  premium  is  awarded  to  the  boy 
exhibiting  the  best.  This  has  resulted  in  interesting  a  large  number 
of  young  people  to  the  extent  that  an  entire  day  of  an  institute  is  now 
given  over  in  several  districts  to  the  interests  of  young  people,  and  the 
programme  is  made  up  largely  of  papers  and  speeches  by  boys  and 
girls.     In  one  county  the  superintendent  of  public  schools  has  recom- 


16 

mended  that  the  schools  all  close  upon  Avhat  has  come  to  be  known  as 
*■' boys'  day,"  and  that  teachers  and  scholars  attend  the  farmers' 
institute. 

Although  work  in  this  direction  is  new.  it  has  the  active  support  and 
assistance  of  many  of  the  best  educators  of  the  country- ,  and  is  sure  to 
develop  until  institutes  for  country  children  become  as  numerous  and 
useful  as  those  now  held  for  the  adult  farmer. 

WOMEN'S  INSTITUTES. 

Until  recently  institute  instruction  was  given  altogether  to  mixed 
audiences  of  men  and  women  with  most  of  the  teaching  directed  to 
the  work  of  men.  Much  of  the  instruction  was  consequently  unin- 
teresting to  women.  By  degrees  there  came  to  be  a  session  or  two  in 
the  institute  arranged  specialh^  in  the  interest  of  women's  work,  at 
which  men  and  women  were  present  as  before.  This  was  found  to  be 
as  unsatisfactor}^  as  the  other,  inasmuch  as  topics  of  peculiar  value 
to  women  were  not  of  special  interest  to  men.  Out  of  this  has  grown 
the  woman's  institute,  composed  entirely  of  women  and  devoted  wholl}^ 
to  their  interests.  Several  States  have  organizations  of  this  charac- 
ter, and  lind  them  to  be  well  conducted  and  of  great  interest  and  value. 

This,  like  the  institute  for  boys,  is  also  a  new  feature  and  develop- 
ment of  the  original  institute  idea,  and  promises  to  be  a  valuable  addition 
to  the  institute  work.  The  popularity  of  this  new  movement  is  quite 
remarkable.  One  State  that  organized  its  woman's  institute  as  late  as 
1898  reports  102  counties  in  1903,  in  each  of  which  there  is  a  woman's 
association  in  connection  with  the  regular  farmers'  institute  societies. 

THE  LECTURE  FORCE. 

The  lecture  method  is  used  in  giving  instruction  at  the  institutes, 
the  lectures  being  followed  by  an  informal  discussion  of  the  topics  by 
the  audiences.  The  effect  of  this  critical  discussion  has  been  to  drive 
uninformed  and  ill-balanced  lecturers  from  the  platform,  and  gradu- 
ally to  secure  for  institute  service  a  corps  composed  of  well  qualified  and 
conservative  teachers.  An  examination  of  the  personal  history  of  623 
lecturers  engaged  in  the  farmers'  institute  work  in  the  United  States 
shows  that  287  have  college  degrees.  138  have  taken  partial  college 
courses,  108  have  had  the  advantage  of  normal  or  high  school  training, 
and  90  are  specialists — practical  men  who  have  had  ordinary  educa- 
tional advantages.  The  men,  therefore,  who  are  now  giving  instruc- 
tion in  the  farmers'  institutes  in  this  country  are  for  the  most  part 
well  qualified  for  their  work. 

The  number  of  specially  educated  and  carefully  trained  instructors 
in  agriculture  is.  however,  at  present  quite  limited,  and  it  is  manifest 
that  the  future  extension  of  the  institutes  will  be  largely  controlled 
by  their  ability  to  secure  a  suflicient  number  of  capable  teachers. 
Thus  far  the  State  directors  have  depended  largely  upon  the  agricul- 


17 

tunil  colleges  and  the  experiment  stations  for  their  supply  of  men  for 
expert  scientific  teaching,  and  upon  the  more  intelligent,  successful, 
practical  farmers  for  giving  information  in  regard  to  the  practical 
operations  in  agriculture.  ^Slany  of  the  most  competent  men  graduated 
by  the  agricultural  colleges  each  year  are  being  engaged  by  the  colleges 
and  stations  for  the  work  of  instruction,  while  others  are  employed  in 
managing  their  own  farms,  in  directing  farming  operations  for  large 
companies  or  on  the  estates  of  wealthy  capitalists,  and  are.  therefore, 
fully  occupied  with  the  duties  that  they  have  assumed.  Their  time 
being  thus  preempted  makes  it  impracticable  for  them  to  devote  any 
considerable  portion  of  it  to  the  general  work  of  educational  extension 
in  the  institute  Held.  The  great  problem,  therefore,  that  confronts 
the  farmers"  institute  workers  of  the  United  States  is  that  of  enlarging 
the  institute  lecture  force  sufficiently  to  meet  the  demands  of  the  work 
as  it  is  expanding  year  by  3'ear. 

FARMERS'  INSTITUTES  STATISTICS. 


Xuinher  of  institute.'<  held  <ind  ilw  a/iproximate  attendance  dnriug  the  iieci'  ended  June  30^ 

1903. 


States  and  Territories. 


Alabama 

Arizona 

California 

Colorado 

Connecticut 

DelaAvare 

Florida 

Georgia 

Hawaii 

Idaho 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansiis 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts  . . 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

Missouri 

Montana 

Nebraska 

Nevada  

New  Hampshire 

New  Jersey 

New  Mexico 

New  York 

North  Carolina 
North  Dakota. 

Ohio 

Oklahoma 
Oregon . 
Pennsvlvania 
Rhode"  Island 

South  Carolina 


Tennessee 

Texas 

rtah 

Vermont 

Virginia 

Washington 

West  Virginia 

Wisconsin 

Total 


Number  of 
one-day 
institutes. 


82 
2 
48 
40 
22 
120 
213 
85 
56 
50 
16 
23 


Number  of 
two-day 
institutes. 


Number  of 

three  or 
more  days 
institutes. 


18 

12 

1 

106 

15 


IS 

70 
15 

1 

•> 

7t) 

1 

38 
3 

4 

18 

1 

202 



1 
1 
4 

Total. 


Total 

number  of 

sessions. 


Total  at- 
tendance. 


60 

10 

9 

28 

21 

15 

4 

17 

108 

181 

64 

92 

8 

50 

40 

40 

120 

284 

100 

58 

127 

16 

65 

3 

18 

•  31 

3 

312 

15 

19 

263 

29 

20 

327 

1 


858 
348 
204 


134 
83 
116 
1.54 

885 
238 
122 


32 

268 
18 
36 

119 
13 


2,618 
1,000 

20, 000 

1. 300 

4,000 

4,8W 

2,900 

3,500 

160 

2,550 

42, 876 

73, 653 

17.  im 

38, 085 

2,000 

13,245 

5,846 

11,222 

12,487 

53,037 

35, 171 

10,000 

25, 400 

600 

25,000 

983 

6,300 

6,850 

138,528 
1,525 
2,6-55 
81,752 


904.654 


31561—04- 


18 


Financial  statistics  of  tlie  farmers'  institutes  for  the  year  ended  June  30,  1903. 


Funds  appropriated 
for  institutes. 


States  and  Territories 


State. 


S600.00 


Alabama 

Arizona  

California 

Colorado 

Connecticut 

Delaware 

Florida 

Georgia 

Hawaii 

Idaho 1, 000 

Illinois 18, 150 


700. 

700. 

2,  .500. 


10,000. 
7, 425. 
2,000. 
2,000. 
3,000. 
4.000. 
2,000. 
7,  .500. 


Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansas 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts 

Michigan 

Minnesota 16,  .500. 

Mississippi 1,  -500. 

Missouri 4, 000. 

Montana 2, 000. 

Nebraska 4, 000. 

Xevada 

New  Hampshire 1, 000. 

New  Jersey 2, 000. 

New  Mexico 

New  York 20, 000. 

North  Carolina 600. 

North  Dakota 1,  .500. 

Ohio 16, 981 . 

Oklahoma 1, 000. 

Oregon 

Pennsylvania 15, 000. 

Rhode  Island 44. 

South  Carolina 

Tennessee 2,  .500. 

Texas  

Utah 1, 500. 

Vermont 5, 000. 

Virginia 

Washington 2, 500. 

West  Virginia 5, 4.51 . 

Wisconsin 12, 000. 


00 


College 

and  other 

funds. 


Total !  176,651.00 


860.00 

4, 000.  00 

385. 00 


100.00 


1.000.00 
3.5.00 


300.00 


1,120.00 


Cost. 


Total  cost. 


2,100.00  I 


S600.00 

60.00 

3,  400. 00 

385.00 

700.00 

800.00 

2,500.00 

1,000.00 

35. 00 

1,000.00 

18,150.00 

10,000.00 

5,000.00 

2,000.00 

2, 000. 00 

3,000.00 

4,000.00 

1,717.00 

5,838.00 

16,500.00 

1,500.00 

4,000.00 

2,631.00 

4,000.00 

120.00 

1,000.00 

1,800.00 

125.00 

20, 000. 00 

600.00 

1,1.58.00 

16,981.00 

1,000.00 

300.00 

15, 000. 00 

44.00  i 

1,120.00 

2,500.00  ! 

2,100.00  i 

1,500.00 

2,907.00  I 


Cost  per 
session. 


2, 500. 00 

5,451.00 

12, 000. 00 


512. 00 
3.00 
56.00 
19.00 
28.00 
12.00 
38.00 
22.00 
9,00 
36.00 


Appropria- 
tions U)T 
the  season 
1903-4. 


S800.00 
2, 700. 00 
6,000.00 


10.50 
14.00 
10.00 
15.00 
36.00 
34.50 
16. 35 

6.59 
50.00 
25.86 
32.00 
82.00 
15.00 

6.66 
2.5.00 
15.00 

9.60 
14.73 
24.00 
17.30 
13.58 


5.00 
18.00 
44.00 
32.00 


11.66 
37.50 
26.70 


34.50 
15.00 


700.00 

600.  00 

2,  500.  00 

1,000.00 

150.00 

1,000.00 

19,6.50.00 

10,000.00 

7,  425.  00 

2, 000. 00 

2,000.00 

3,000.00 

4, 000. 00 

2,  700.  00 

7,  .500. 00 

18,000.00 

1.500.00 

5, 000. 00 

4,000.00 

6,000.00 

1,000.00 

"2,"  666."  66 

"26,'666.'c6 
1,000.00 

4, 000.  CO 
16, 7.50.  CO 


1,000.00 

17, 500. 00 

"i,"  666.' 03 

5, 000. 00 
3,000.03 
1,500.03 
5,000.0) 
3,  .500.  00 
2, 50  J.  00 
6,000.00 
12,000.00 


9,345.00  179,022.00 


.  03   210, 975. 00 


19 

Number  of  lecturers  empJoijed  hi/  the  State  directors  of  farmers'  mstitute.^  dur'uKj  the  year 

ended  June  30,  1903. 


States  and  Territories. 


Alabama 

Arizona 

California 

Colorado 

Connecticut 

Delaware . 

Florida 

Georgia. 

Hawaii 

Idaho 

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa . 

Kansas 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts . . . 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

Missis-sippi 

Missouri 

Montana 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

New  Hampshire. 

New  Jersey. 

New  Mexico 

New  York 

North  Carolina.. 
North  Dakota  . . . 

Ohio 

Oklahoma 

Oregon  

Pennsylvania  ... 

Rhode  Island 

South  Carolina . . 

Tennessee 

Texas  

Utah 

Vermont 

Virginia 

Washington 

West  Virginia  . . . 
Wisconsin 


Reports  of  pro- 
ceedings. 


7 

40 

'  56' 

^ 

14 

28 

'  ■     i 

19 

19 

1         9 

58  I 

25 

1  -       10 

127  1 

120  1 

4 

8 

32 

5  1         3 

43 

5         15 

4|         6 

51 
14 

7  I 
20  I 
58 


20 
240 


65 
12o 


22 

16 

111 

16 

11 

35 

22 

16 

4 

29 

256 

359 

142 

102 

14 

54 

40 

58 

120 

356 

115 

60 

205 

16 

111 

6 

18 

51 

6 

522 

15 

35 

526 

36 

30 

606 

1 

50 


Yes... 
No.... 
No.... 
Yes... 
Yes... 
Yes... 
No.... 
Yes... 
No.... 
No.... 
Ye.'v. . . 
No.... 
No.... 
Yes... 
No.... 
Yes... 
Yes... 


10 


40 
41 

72 
21 
293 
221 


No..-. 
Yes. .. 
Yes... 


8,000 
30, 000 
18,000 


5,000 


2,000 


25,000 


10,000 
10,000 


31,600 


5,000 
3,000 


60,000 


Total 


196 


1,666 


4.880 


253,700 


20 


Comparative  niatement  of  farmers'  indltutes. 


AppropFiations. 


itates  and  Territories. 


Number 

of  ses- 
sions. 


Alabama 

Arizona 

California 

Colorado 

Connecticut 

Delaware 

Florida 

Georgia 

Hawaii 

Idaho  

Illinois 

Indiana 

Iowa 

Kansa.s 

Kentucky 

Louisiana 

Maine 

Maryland 

Massachusetts . . . 

Michigan 

Minnesota 

Mississippi 

Missouri 

Montana 

Nebraska 

Nevada 

New  Hampshire. 

New  Jersey 

New  Mexico 

New  York 

North  Carolina  . . 
North  Dakota  ... 

Ohio 

Oklahoma 

Oregon  

Pennsylvania  ... 

Rhode  Island 

South  Carolina . . 

Tennessee 

Texas 

Utah 

Vermont 

Virginia 

Washington 

West  Virginia  . . . 
Wisconsin 


1901-2. 


Number  of  insti- 


1902- 


coo 


4,000 


600 
2, 500 


500 

18, 150 

10,  000 

7, 425 

2, 000 


2,000 
3,500 
4,000 


7,500 
16, 500 
1,500 
4,000 
2,000 
4,000 


6G0 


20, 000 

322 

1,500 

16, 784 


15, 000 


1, 051 
2,016 


1,500 
4,000 


5, 000 
12, 000 


600 

60 

4,000 

385 

700 

800 

2,500 

1,000 

35 

1,000 

18,150 

10, 000 

7.  425 

2,000 

1,200 

2, 000 

3,000 

4,000 

2, 000 

7, 500 

16, 500 

1,500 

4,000 

2,000 

4,000 

120 

1,000 

2, 000 

125 

20, 000 

600 

1,.500 

16, 981 

1,000 

300 

15,000 

44 

1,150 

2, 500 

2,100 

1,500 

5,000 


2, 500 
5,  451 
12, 000 


Total 


170,548   187,226 


50 
20 
254 
20 
25 
67 
42 
32 
4 


858 
348 
204 


134 
83 
116 
154 

ss5 
238 
122 


32 

268 

18 

36 

119 

13 

1,363 

25 

67 

1,250 

36 

60 

831 

1 

50 


ISO 

40 

108 

144 


632 
566 


24 
2  i 

63  ! 
15 

12 
15 
22  ! 


4 
50 
110 
201 
05 
102 


38 

37 

36 

128 

255 

69 

40 

104 

17 

80 

1 

40 

17 


269 
17 
27 

278 
11 
19 

189 

1 

31 


2 

60 

10 

9 

28 

21 

15 

4 

17 

108 

181 

64 

•  92 

8 

50 

40 

40 

120 

284 

100 

58 

127 

16 

65 

3 

18 

31 

3 

312 

15 

19 

263 

29 

20 

327 

1 

50 

40 

64 

40 

41 

72 

12 

158 

120 


Attendance. 


1901-2.   1902-3. 


3, 179 


2,616 

350 

20, 000 

"5,066" 
3, 055 
3,300 

i86' 

17,000 

39, 187 

40.  000 
6,  500 

32,  450 
1,600 
7, 500 
5, 920 
1,500 
2,176 
101,000 

27,  205 
8,000 

10, 000 
1,200 

25, 800 


4,000 
5,000 


94, 688 

1,700 

9,967 

94,  655 

1,150 

3,  335 

144.  431 

30 

10,100 


10, 000 
14,100 
1,500 
15, 000 
48,800 


2,618 
1,000 
20, 000 
1,300 
4,000 
4.800 

2,  900 

3,  500 
160 

2, 5.50 
42, 876 
73. 653 
17,  7.50 
38, 085 

2, 000 
13, 245 

5, 846 
11,222 
12, 487 
53, 037 
35, 171 
10, 000 
25, 400 
600 
25, 000 
983 

6,300 

6, 850 

375 

138, 528 

1,525 

2, 665 
81.752 


4,000 

112,5.50 

20 

14, 390 

10, 000 

5,376 

3,200 
16. 400 
18, 000 

1.800 
15,  7.50 
55, 000 


819, 995    904, 654 


o 


uZ^,l^,f,!JlP^  FLORIDA 


